chánh sứ

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chánh sứ

Ông ấy từng giữ chức chánh sứ trong một phái bộ ngoại giao.

Definition
  1. Noun:
    • Chief envoy (of a feudal diplomatic mission): In historical contexts, "chánh sứ" refers to the head or leader of an official diplomatic delegation sent by a feudal court, such as the Vietnamese Nguyễn or Lê dynasties, to another country, most commonly China.
    • Provincial Resident (under the French protectorate): During the period of French colonial administration in Vietnam, "chánh sứ" was also a title for a French official, the Resident, who was the chief administrative officer of a province (or "sứ").
Usage Examples

  • Noun (Historical/Feudal context):

    • Nguyễn Du đã từng được cử làm chánh sứ sang Trung Quốc. (Nguyen Du was once appointed chief envoy on a mission to China.)
    • Vị chánh sứ mang theo quốc thư và lễ vật triều cống. (The chief envoy carried the national letter and tribute gifts.)

  • Noun (Colonial context):

    • Chánh sứ người Pháp nắm quyền cai trị toàn tỉnh. (The French Resident held governing power over the entire province.)
    • Dinh của viên chánh sứ được xây rất đồ sộ. (The Resident's mansion was built very grandly.)
Advanced Usage
  • The term is almost exclusively used in historical texts or discussions about pre-modern Vietnamese diplomacy or the French colonial era. It is not used in contemporary diplomatic language.
  • The role of a "chánh sứ" in a feudal mission was of the highest rank, bearing the full authority of the Vietnamese emperor to conduct diplomatic ceremonies, present tribute, and negotiate.
Variants and Related Words
  • Phó sứ (n): Deputy envoy. The second-in-command in a feudal diplomatic mission.
    • Phó sứ hỗ trợ chánh sứ trong mọi công việc. (The deputy envoy assisted the chief envoy in all matters.)
  • Công sứ (n): In the French colonial system, a "Résident Supérieur" or Senior Resident, typically overseeing a larger region (like Annam or Tonkin), a rank higher than "chánh sứ".
    • Chánh sứ chịu sự chỉ đạo của công sứ. (The Resident was under the direction of the Senior Resident.)
  • Sứ bộ (n): Diplomatic mission, envoy delegation.
    • Sứ bộ do chánh sứ dẫn đầu đã lên đường. (The mission led by the chief envoy has departed.)
  • Sứ thần (n): Envoy, diplomatic representative (a more general term that can include "chánh sứ").
    • Các sứ thần được triều đình tiếp đón trọng thể. (The envoys were grandly received by the court.)
Synonyms
  • Trưởng đoàn ngoại giao: Head of the diplomatic delegation (modern equivalent).
  • Đặc sứ: Special envoy (modern term, but not a direct historical equivalent as it lacks the specific feudal or colonial administrative connotations).
Notes on Different Meanings
  • The dual meaning of "chánh sứ" reflects two distinct historical periods. The primary and older meaning is the chief of a feudal mission. The secondary meaning, provincial resident, is specific to the French colonial administrative system (late 19th to mid-20th century). The intended meaning is always clear from the historical context of the sentence.
chánh sứ

Ông ấy từng giữ chức chánh sứ trong một phái bộ ngoại giao.

  1. Chief envoy (of a feudal mission)
    • Nguyễn Du đã từng được cử làm chánh sứ sang Trung Quốc
      Nguyen Du was once appointed chief envoy to a mission to China
  2. như công sứ